MUCOSAL – MALIGNANCIES
The various types of carcinomas can manifest as non-healing ulcers, red patches, or irregular surface masses.
- Carcinoma 🡪 epithelial
- Sarcoma 🡪 mesenchymal / Connective tissue
- Melanomas manifest as abnormally pigmented surface lesions that start at the junction of the epithelium and submucosa.


SQUAMMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
- QN - Stage of squamous cell carcinoma T2 N0 M0.
- The most common malignant tumor of oral cavity -mostly affecting lateral surface of the tongue, secondarily the hard palate.
- Associated with fixed and firm lymph nodes.
- Its primary stage is red patch/ plaque
- Most commonly seen intra orally
- Least common – nasopharynx
- Associated with Firm, fixed neck nodes

LIP SCC
- Reasons or Risk Factors:
+ Sunlight exposure
+ Human papilloma Virus (HPV)
+ Gene mutation
+ Tobacco chewing
- Usually has good prognosis
- If ulcer (SCC) is well differentiated– which is also the most common type – and shows late metastasis – therefore better prognosis
- If ulcer has already metastasised – then poor prognosis
- Plummer Vincent syndrome – mucosal atrophy + dysphagia + iron deficiency anemia + increased risk of ral cancer ie SQCC
- Qn. 21 y old pt who has iron deficiency anemia + difficulty swallowing(dysphagia) with examination of barium sulphate you found : SQCC

TONGUE SCC
- Lateral border of tongue – most common SQCC
- Usually metastasises fast ∴ poor prognosis
- High reccurrence
- Best biopsy for Sq. C C – INCISIONAL BIOPSY
- During biopsy – tongue secured to suture or towel clip + clip
- During examination – tongue secured by guaze piece

VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA
- It is a well differentiated form of SQCC
- It shows cauliflower shaped lesions on both sin & mucosa**
- Associated with betel nut chewing
- It is a malignant type of lesion
- Rx – surgical excision

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
-Rodent ulcer
- Due to sun exposure

MALIGNANT MELANOMA
- Most dangerous tumor
- Malingnancy of melanocytes
- Most common intra oral site – gingiva – anteriorly & palate
- Least common – acral lentigo melanoma*
- Blackish discolouration
- Always originates from Nevus cells of connective Tissue

NOTE: Melanotic Pigmented intra – oral lesions:
- Malignant melanoma – black
- Addison’s disease – seen in steroid d
- Peutz Jagher’s Syndrome