Even though the number of women in politics has been increasing, the proportion of female candidates is still low.

There is a surprising link between the gender pay gap and voter bias against women, says Julien Sauvagnat, Associate Professor at Bocconi University, to host Catherine De Vries. This, in turn, translates into parties presenting fewer female candidates in areas where women are discriminated.

In a study, Sauvagnat finds that electoral districts with larger gender pay gaps show favoritism toward male political candidates in Parliamentary elections, with fewer female candidates on the ballot, especially when the race is tight.

To improve this situation, the role of gender quotas is useful because it pushes more women into politics, but over time it might not be enough to obtain an equal representation of men and women and politics, and for changing people's mentalities.

On the other hand, according to some research, voters change their attitudes and their voting behavior once they have been exposed to female leaders. This means that attitudes and beliefs are influenced by the presence of women in politics, and the voter bias against women in politics may progressively disappear as more women get elected over time.