On November 13th in the world of astronomy, one of the most exciting events occurred back in 1971. On this date, NASA's Mariner 9 spacecraft became the first human-made object to orbit another planet when it successfully entered Mars orbit!

This mission was a game-changer for our understanding of the Red Planet. Mariner 9 arrived during a planet-wide dust storm, which initially obscured most of the surface. Talk about a dramatic entrance! Imagine the scientists' anticipation as they waited for the dust to settle, wondering what secrets Mars would reveal.

As the storm subsided, Mariner 9 began mapping the Martian surface in unprecedented detail. It discovered some of Mars' most iconic features, including the massive Olympus Mons - the largest known volcano in the solar system. This behemoth makes Earth's volcanoes look like ant hills in comparison!

The spacecraft also revealed the existence of Mars' sprawling canyon system, Valles Marineris, which puts our Grand Canyon to shame. It stretches nearly a quarter of the way around the planet's equator. If that doesn't make you feel small, I don't know what will!

Mariner 9's mission lasted almost a year, during which it transmitted more than 7,300 images of Mars. These images covered about 85% of the planet's surface, giving us our first real global view of our mysterious neighbor.

This mission paved the way for future Mars exploration, setting the stage for the rovers and orbiters that followed. It's mind-boggling to think that on this day in 1971, we took our first real step in becoming a multi-planet species in terms of exploration.

So next time you look up at the night sky and spot that reddish dot, remember Mariner 9 and its groundbreaking orbit on November 13th. It's a testament to human ingenuity and our unquenchable thirst for knowledge about the cosmos. Who knows what other astronomical milestones future November 13ths might bring?