Let’s delve into the transformative economic reforms implemented during Ataturk's era in Turkey from 1923 to 1938. As the newly established Republic of Turkey inherited a highly centralized and agriculture-based economy from the Ottoman Empire, Ataturk's visionary leadership aimed to build a self-sufficient, independent, and industrialized nation. The discussion explores the significant challenges faced, such as the impacts of the Treaty of Lausanne, inherited debts, and the dominance of foreign commerce and industry. Highlighting key milestones like the Economic Congress in Izmir and the shift from liberal to etatist economic policies, the episode underscores the profound impact of Ataturk's reforms on Turkey's modernization. This episode offers valuable insights into how Ataturk's economic reforms continue to resonate in contemporary Turkey, providing both historical context and a forward-looking perspective on the nation's economic journey.