Hello and welcome to this podcast brought to you by That’s English! The Spanish Ministry of Education’s official distance learning English course. To find out more about That’s English! go to  www.thatsenglish.com or contact your local Official School of Languages. Today we’re going to learn about how to use adverbs in a sentence. Before we start, if you want to review adverb spelling rules and the different types of adverbs, then please listen to our other podcasts on these topics. We also have a blog post on adverbs that you may find helpful. Remember too that if you have any difficulty understanding, you can look at the transcript to check any new vocabulary or expressions. Ok, so let’s see where adverbs go in a sentence. Unlike other kinds of words, adverbs can be placed in different parts of a sentence: at the beginning, in the middle or at the end. Some can be placed anywhere to form meaningful sentences; others must specifically go in one of these three places: At the beginning, like the adverb quietly in the phrase: Quietly, he opened the door. When we want to emphasize the adverb, we can put it at the front. In the middle, like the adverb happily in this popular ending to children’s stories: And they lived happily ever after. Or at the end, like the position of always in this line from Bon Jovi’s song: “And I will love you, baby, always.” The position of the adverb is also very important if there is more than one verb because if we place it before or after the main verb, it refers only to that verb. We can say: The teacher quietly asked him to leave the exam. Here the teacher spoke quietly to the student, probably so as not to disturb other students still doing the exam. However, if we place it after a proposition, it complements the whole action described by the proposition. Notice the difference in meaning depending on the placement of the adverb. Listen. The teacher asked him to leave the exam quietly. In this example, the adverb does not refer to how the teacher spoke. It refers to how the teacher wants the boy to leave the exam, that is, without making any noise. Adverbs of manner, which, as you’ll remember, describe how we do something, usually follow the verb, or go after the verb and the object. Listen. We answered the exam carefully. James coughed loudly. He ate the chocolate cake greedily.     Adverbs that point to a moment in time are usually placed at the end of the sentence. Listen to these examples. I will call you later. They are going on holiday tomorrow. You’re listening to this podcast now. However, as we learnt previously, if we want to emphasise the adverb, like in the song Yesterday by The Beatles, we can put it at the beginning. “Yesterday, all my troubles seemed so far away.”   Adverbs of place are usually placed after the main verb or the proposition that they modify and are usually found at the end of the sentence. Listen. Come and sit here. Can you wait over there, please?   Although you can also find them at the beginning of the sentence, to give emphasis, like in these examples: Here, we have a beautiful artefact from 1939. There, in the middle of the woods, a wolf awaited its prey.   As you probably already know, the verb ‘to be’ often causes the rule to change when using adverbs of frequency. Here the adverb is usually placed after the verb. Listen. They are often late, We were never wrong. It was always sunny.   but with all other verbs the frequency adverb goes before the verb, like this:   Lee sometimes takes the bus to go to school. They never want to come with me. He often played football as a child.   Having said this, most adverbs of frequency can also be placed at the beginning or at the end of the sentence. Listen. I get up very early sometimes or I sometimes get up very early.   What about adverbs of degree? Adverbs of degree are usually placed before the verb. Here are a couple of examples. I really love reading on the beach in summer. They totally agreed with his decision.   It’s easy to know where interrogative adverbs go, isn’t it? How do we start questions? With interrogative adverbs of course! How are you? Where is my passport? Why are you so late? When does the train arrive?   Adverbs of probability and certainty are placed before the main verb except, once again, when the main verb is "to be". Listen to an example of each. She definitely left the country yesterday. He is definitely a smart boy.   However, if there is an auxiliary verb, then the adverb is placed between the auxiliary and the main verb:   He has definitely forgotten about us. You have certainly done a great job learning about adverbs with us.   Don’t worry if it seems a lot to take in. Adverbs are not as daunting as they may seem. Some can go at the beginning, others in the middle, or at the end of a sentence. The more you read and listen to English you’ll see how adverbs are used and in time you’ll be an expert. Remember, practice makes perfect! We hope you have enjoyed this podcast, brought to you by That's English! Please follow us on social media.  We look forward to hearing from you. Bye for now!